english tutor,中學補習,補習社-昔日“霧都”倫敦重蹈覆轍 |
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| 【英文補習, 補習英文, english tutor, 英文課程, 中學補習, 補習社】 Britain faces court cases and unlimited fines after dangerous levels of minute particles breach EU levels. 由於空氣粉塵濃度超過歐盟規定水平，英國面臨法庭訴訟和高額罰款。 The City of London has been found to be one of the most polluted places in Europe after monitoring equipment recorded dangerous levels of minute particles for the 36th time this year. Under EU rules, Britain is allowed no more than 35 “bad air” days in the whole year, and now faces court cases and unlimited fines by Europe. 根據監控數據顯示，今年倫敦市空氣粉塵濃度第36次達到危險臨界值，成為瞭歐洲污染最嚴重的城市之一。根據歐盟規定，英國一年內空氣質量差的天數不能超過35天。現在其將面臨歐盟法庭訴訟及高額罰款。 The breaching of the EU levels after just six months will embarrass the government, which was sent a final warning only three weeks ago from the European commission to improve air quality. Many other places in central London are close to the limit and can be expected to break the law within weeks. 僅僅六個月就超過歐盟全年限額，況且三星期前歐盟委員會剛剛發出最後警告，令其改善空氣質量，這真是英國政府的一大恥辱。且倫敦區的其他地方監測結果也接近限額，未來幾周內還有望超過。 The government has applied to Europe for a time extension until 2011 to comply with daily particulate pollution from traffic, but is not certain to be granted it because it has been flouting EU air quality laws since 2005 and is perceived by the environment commissioner Janez to have done little to address the problem. 英國政府已向歐盟申請延長時間至2011年，以治理交通造成的日常粉塵污染。但歐盟不一定會批準此申請，因為早在2005年，環境委員Janez就已發現其並未重視此污染問題，而無視歐盟空氣質量法。 “Air pollution is bad for our health. It reduces human life expectancy by more than eight months on average and by more than two years in the most polluted cities and regions,” he said. “空氣污染對我們的健康有害。它會減少人的壽命，平均減少8個月，而在空氣污染最嚴重的城市和地區，則可能達到兩年。”他說。 The London Liberal Democrat MEP Sarah Ludford said: “This latest breach is yet another wake-up call for the mayor of London and the government. Research has shown that airborne pollution in London could be responsible for up to thousands of premature deaths a year: this is an invisible public health emergency.” 倫敦自由民主黨歐洲議會議員Sarah Ludford說：“最近這次超標是對倫敦市長和我們政府的一記警鐘。調查顯示，倫敦的空氣污染每年造成幾千人死亡，這是個隱形的公共健康殺手。” Poor air quality is now considered one of the biggest public health issues now facing the UK. A recent report by the House of Commons environmental audit committee included evidence that air pollution could be contributing to 50,000 deaths in the UK a year. A study （pdf） commissioned by Boris Johnson, mayor of London, calculated that more than 4,300 deaths are caused by poor air quality in the city every year, costing around 2 billion pounds a year. 空氣質量差，是現在英國面臨的一大公共健康危機。眾議院環境監察委員會最近發表的一份報告證明，每年英國因空氣污染造成的死亡數近5萬人口。倫敦市長Boris Johnson的調查顯示，每年倫敦空氣污染造成的死亡數超過4300人，造成約20億英鎊的經濟損失。 Simon Birkett, founder of the Campaign for Clean Air in London, said: “With the first of many London sites breaching the legal limit before the end of June, it is blindingly obvious now why the European commission sent the UK a second and final written warning for breaching these same legal standards, every year since 2005 in London, less than a month ago”. “倫敦空氣凈化運動（Campaign for Clean Air in London）”的創始人Simon Birkett稱：“倫敦的很多地方空氣質量七月前就已超標，很顯然，為什麼歐盟委員最近會給英國第二次也是最後書面警告，且從2005年倫敦就每年超標，每年受警告。” Jenny Bates, London campaigner for Friends of the Earth, said: “Boris Johnson must abandon plans that will make the situation worse, such as scrapping the western extension to the congestion charge, pursuing more river crossings for vehicles and supporting a 50% increase in flights from City airport. This means taking strong action himself, rather than relying on uncommitted government measures to do the job.” 倫敦社會運動人士，“地球之友（Friends of the Earth）”活動的參與者Jenny Bates認為，Boris Johnson必須放棄那些造成環境惡化的的計劃。這些計劃包括暫停向西推行收取交通擁擠費，為機動車建新的渡橋，以及支持倫敦機場航班增加50%。這意味著他要親自實施計劃，而不是依賴征服那些虛無縹緲的政策改善環境。 A spokesperson for Johnson said: “This is one of several central London locations which will receive a targeted package of measures to tackle pollution, for example applying dust suppressants to road surfaces and deploying the cleanest buses into these areas. Other initiatives include proposed age limits for taxis, converting the bus fleet to hybrid and investing record levels into cycling. Johnson的發言人說：“我們將會針對倫敦的這些區域（空氣污染嚴重）實施針對性的措施應對污染，如：在公路上使用粉塵抑制劑，向這些區域引進最幹凈環保的公交車。另外我們還打算推行的士報廢年限計劃，使用混合動力公交車，鼓勵騎自行車。 ”We are also proposing to include the dirtiest lorries and vans in the London low emission zone by early January 2012. The new bus for London will be 40% less polluting than traditional diesel and we are spending millions to support the mainstream use of zero-polluting electric vehicles.“ “同時我們也計劃2012年一月之前在倫敦建立低排放區，卡車等最污染空氣的機動車也在規劃之內。這種新式公交車的排放污染將比傳統柴油車減少40%，我們也正花費巨額投資，支持零污染電力機動車的使用。” A Defra spokesman said: ”The mayor and London boroughs are responsible for local air quality in London. The mayor has published a draft air quality strategy which includes specific measures to reduce PM10 and NO2 pollution. 環境、食品及農村事務部（Defra）發言人說：“市長和倫敦行政區都對大倫敦的空氣質量負有責任。市長已經發佈一份空氣質量行動計劃草案，其中措施專門針對減少PM10和NO2的污染。 “We are confident that PM10 limits will be met in London by the 2011 deadline and the government has submitted evidence to the European commission to demonstrate this.” “我們堅信，到2011年最後期限之前，倫敦的PM10水平將達到合格標準，政府已經就此向歐盟委員會提交瞭證據。” Notes: court case: 法庭判例。 例如： Person who act on behalf of a minor is a defendant in a court case. 在一案子中代表未成年人被告的監護人。 time extension: 延期，延長時間。 |
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